We do n’t fully screw the answer . But every gang that lodge in on the International Space Station provides us information that we use to adjust our protocols and that extends that menstruation of fourth dimension . Let ’s take a closer smell .
The longest neighboring amount of time a homo has spent in place is 437 day . That was done by Valeri Polyakov , almost twenty years ago . That was his 2nd flight of steps . His first was 240 day long . Sergei Krikalev , over six flights , has pass 803 days in distance .
Space is a harsh surroundings for world . We did n’t germinate to live there . Systems throughout our body have acquire to function under the stresses of gravity .
Our muscle are constantly working against gravitational attraction on Earth . Those muscles have less employment to do in blank , and so they atrophy . That include the heart , which shrinks a little , the cervix muscles that hold up our heads , and our calf .
Since our bones are not experiencing the loads they experience on the ground , they experience no need to maintain themselves . Bone tissue paper is absorb and not rebuild . This soak up bone can cause kidney stones . The piazza where the bone has weakened can easy fracture .
Here ’s a graphic that shows the rate of off-white loss for various part of the body :
There is evidence that extended periods in space can result in dysregulation of the immune system . While there is n’t too much risk of exposure to pathogens , a compromised immune organisation can lead in autoimmune response and hypersensitivity .
Aside from the injurious affect of microgravity , a potentially larger threat is radiation .
We take for granted how much our planet protect us from radiation . Out in blank space , spaceman are exposed to galactic cosmic radiation , solar radiation therapy , solar cosmic particles , and geomagnetically bound radiation . This radiotherapy is so prevalent that when astronauts close their eyes , they often “ see ” bright New York minute , as cosmic rays remove their optical nerves .
actinotherapy exposure can result in cell death or can cause mutation that lead in Cancer or epigenetic effects . Some systems are quite sensitive to radiation and their single-valued function can become impaired , such as the resistant organisation and the bone marrow organisation and the eyes , ensue in cataracts .
We do our best to provide shielding , but paradoxically , shielding can result in more vulnerability by what is call junior-grade radiation . When an up-and-coming particle hit the shielding textile it can utter gamma rays and industrious neutrons .
NASA strike cosmonaut radiation exposure very seriously . We monitor the photograph of each gang fellow member and keep a career tally . When they hit the allowed threshold , they can be prohibited from flying again .
Image of Cosmonaut Polyakov via Wikimedia Commons
About the author : Robert Frost , engineer / instructor at NASA
How long can humans live in infinite and what is the unsound sheath scenario for someone who lives too long in space?originally look onQuora .
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This answer has been lightly edit for grammar and clarity .
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